ʻEhia ka manawa āu e noʻonoʻo ai i ka moʻolelo hope ma hope o nā kala āu e koho ai ma ke ʻano he mea pena?Welina mai i kā mākou nānā hohonu i ke ʻano o ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo.
He ululāʻau mau ʻōmaʻomaʻo a i ʻole he lāʻau ʻehā lau ʻehā.Hiki i nā manaʻo no ke kūʻokoʻa, kūlana, a lili paha.Akā, no ke aha mākou e ʻike ai i ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma kēia ʻano?He aha nā manaʻo ʻē aʻe e hoʻoulu ai?ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo e hiki i kahi kala ke hoʻāla i nā ʻano kiʻi like ʻole a me nā kumuhana.
Ke ola, hānau hou, a me ke ʻano
Hāʻawi ka makahiki hou i nā hoʻomaka hou, nā manaʻo pua a me nā hoʻomaka hou.Inā hōʻike ʻia ka ulu ʻana, ka momona a i ʻole ka hānau hou ʻana, ua puni ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo no nā kaukani makahiki he hōʻailona o ke ola ponoʻī.Ma ka moʻolelo Islamic, ʻo ke kiʻi hemolele ʻo Al-Khidr e hōʻike ana i ka make ʻole a ua hōʻike ʻia i loko o nā kiʻi hoʻomana e ʻaʻahu ana i ka ʻaʻahu ʻōmaʻomaʻo.Ua hōʻike ka poʻe ʻAigupita kahiko iā Osiris, ke akua o ka lua a me ka hānau hou ʻana, i ka ʻili ʻōmaʻomaʻo, e like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia ma nā kiʻi pena mai ka lua kupapaʻu o Nefertari mai ka 13th century BC.ʻO ka mea hoʻohenehene, ʻaʻole hiki i ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo ke kū i ka hoʻāʻo o ka manawa.ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hui ʻana o ka honua maoli a me ka mineral copper mineral malachite e hana i ka pena ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻo ia ka mea e hoʻopilikia ʻia kona lōʻihi i ka wā e lilo ai ka puaʻa ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ʻeleʻele.Eia naʻe, ʻo ka hoʻoilina ʻōmaʻomaʻo he hōʻailona o ke ola a me nā hoʻomaka hou e mau nei.
Ma ka ʻōlelo Kepanī, ʻo ka huaʻōlelo no ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo he midori, mai "i loko o nā lau" a i ʻole "e ulu."Koʻikoʻi i ka pena kiʻi ʻāina, ua ulu ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ke kiʻi o ke kenekulia 19.E noʻonoʻo i ka hui ʻana o nā puaʻa ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me ka emerald ma Van Gogh's 1889 Green Wheat Field, Morisot's Summer (c. 1879) a me Monet's Iris (c. 1914-17).Ua ulu hou ke kala mai ka canvas i kahi hōʻailona honua, i ʻike ʻia ma nā hae Pan-African o ke kenekulia 20.Hoʻokumu ʻia i ka makahiki 1920 no ka hoʻohanohano ʻana i ka diaspora ʻeleʻele a puni ka honua, ʻo nā kaha ʻōmaʻomaʻo o ka hae e hōʻike ana i ka waiwai kūlohelohe o ka ʻāina ʻApelika a hoʻomanaʻo i ka poʻe i ko lākou aʻa.
Kūlana a me ka Waiwai
Ma ka Middle Ages, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻEulopa e hoʻokaʻawale i ka poʻe waiwai mai ka poʻe ʻilihune.ʻO kaʻaʻahu'ōmaʻomaʻo e hiki ke hōʻike i kahi kūlana kaiaulu a iʻole kahiʻoihana i mahaloʻia,ʻaʻole e like me ka poʻe mahiʻai eʻaʻahu ana i nā hina hina a me nāʻeleʻele.ʻO ka haku mele a Jan Van Eyck, ʻo The Marriage of Arnolfini (c. 1435), ua unuhi i nā wehewehe he nui ʻole e pili ana i ka hōʻike ʻana o nā kāne pohihihi.Eia naʻe, hoʻokahi mea hikiʻole ke hoʻopaʻapaʻa: ko lākou waiwai a me ke kūlana pilikanaka.Ua hoʻohana ʻo Van Eyck i ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo no nā ʻaʻahu o nā lede, ʻo ia kekahi o kā lākou hōʻailona makana.I kēlā manawa, ʻo ka hana ʻana i kēia lole waihoʻoluʻu he kaʻina hoʻoluʻu pipiʻi a hoʻopau i ka manawa e pono ai ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hui ʻana o nā minerala a me nā mea kanu.
Eia naʻe, loaʻa i ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo kona mau palena.ʻO ka pena kaulana loa o nā manawa a pau e hōʻike ana i kahi hiʻohiʻona i kāhiko ʻia i ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo;ma Leonardo da Vinci "Mona Lisa" (1503-1519), hōʻike ka lole ʻōmaʻomaʻo i hele mai ʻo ia mai ka aristocracy, ʻoiai ua mālama ʻia ka ʻulaʻula no ka hanohano.I kēia lā, ua hoʻololi ka pilina me ka'ōmaʻomaʻo a me ke kūlana pilikanaka i ka waiwai kālā ma mua o ka papa.Mai ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo o nā bila kālā mai ka makahiki 1861 a i nā papa ʻōmaʻomaʻo i loko o nā casinos, hōʻike ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo i kahi loli nui i ke ʻano o kā mākou helu ʻana i ko mākou wahi i ka honua hou.
ʻO ka ʻawaʻawa, ka lili a me ka hoʻopunipuni
ʻOiai ua pili ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo me ka maʻi mai ka wā Helene a me Roma kahiko, ke manaʻo nei mākou i kona pilina me ka lili iā William Shakespeare.ʻO ka idiom "'ōmaʻomaʻo-maka nui" i haku mua ʻia e ka bard ma The Merchant of Venice (circa 1596-1599), a ʻo "nā maka ʻōmaʻomaʻo o ka lili" he huaʻōlelo i lawe ʻia mai Othello (circa 1603).Ua hoʻomau ʻia kēia hui hilinaʻi ʻole me ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ke kenekulia 18, i ka wā i hoʻohana ʻia ai nā peʻa ʻawaʻawa a me nā kala i loko o ka pepa kiʻi kiʻi, upholstery a me nā lole.ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hana ʻana i nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo me nā puaʻa ʻōmaʻomaʻo synthetic ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi, a ua hana ʻia ka Scheele's Green arsenic kaulana i kēia manawa i ka makahiki 1775 e Carl Wilhelm Scheele.ʻO Arsenic no ka manawa mua e hiki ke hana ʻia i kahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, a ua kaulana kona hue wiwo ʻole i ka hui Victorian ma Ladana a me Palisa, me ka ʻike ʻole i kona hopena ʻona.
ʻO ka hopena o ka maʻi ākea a me ka make i hoʻopau ai i ke kala i ka hana ʻana i ka hopena o ke kenekulia.I kēia mau lā, ua hoʻohana ʻo L. Frank Baum i ka puke 1900 The Wizard of Oz i ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo e like me ke ʻano o ka hoʻopunipuni a me ka hoʻopunipuni.Hoʻokō ka kupua i kahi lula e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ai i nā kamaʻāina o ke kūlanakauhale Emerald i ʻoi aku ka nani o ko lākou kūlanakauhale ma mua o ka mea maoli: “Ua kahiko koʻu poʻe i nā aniani ʻōmaʻomaʻo no ka manawa lōʻihi a manaʻo ka hapa nui o lākou ʻo ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Emerald.Eia kekahi, i ka manawa i hoʻoholo ai ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni MGM i ka Wicked Witch of the West e ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ka waihoʻoluʻu, ʻo ka hoʻololi kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ʻoniʻoni i ka makahiki 1939 i hoʻololi i ka maka o nā kilokilo i ka moʻomeheu kaulana.
Kuokoa a me ke Kuokoa
Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo e hōʻike i ke kūʻokoʻa a me ke kūʻokoʻa mai ke kenekulia 20.Ua hōʻike ʻia ʻo Tamara de Lempicka kiʻi kiʻi nani o Tamara de Lempicka i ka makahiki 1925 i loko o kahi Bugatti ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma ka uhi o ka makasina German fashion Die Dame a ua lilo ʻo ia i hōʻailona no ka piʻi ʻana o ka neʻe hoʻokuʻu ʻana o nā wahine i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 20.ʻOiai ʻaʻole nona ka kaʻa o ka inoa hoʻokahi i ka mea pena kiʻi, ʻo Lempicka ma ka noho o ke kaʻa ke hōʻike nei i kahi manaʻo maikaʻi loa ma o ke kiʻi.I kēia mau lā, i ka makahiki 2021, ua hoʻonani ka mea hana ʻo Elliot Page i ka lapel o kāna lole Met Gala me nā carnation ʻōmaʻomaʻo;he hoʻohanohano i ka haku mele ʻo Oscar Wilde, nāna i hana like i ka makahiki 1892 ma ke ʻano he hōʻailona o ka hui malu ma waena o nā kāne kāne.I kēia lā, hiki ke ʻike ʻia kēia ʻōlelo ma ke ʻano he hōʻailona o ke kūʻokoʻa a me ka launa pū ʻana i ke kākoʻo ʻana i ke kaiāulu LGBT +.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Feb-17-2022